Geographicalnotes

There are four components of time series, are - i. Secular trend (T) ii.Seasonal variations (S) iii.Cyclical variations (C) iv.Irregular variations (I) i.Secular trends (T): A secular is a long term movements consisting from one year to ten years. These movements are smooth, steady & regular. These movements may be slow or fast but systematic in nature. The secular trends is entirely upward or downward directions. Example: The development of education, gas & petroleum have replaced fire wood & coal. ii.Seasonal variation (S): Seasonal variations are caused by the change in season. These movements are short term variations containing one year. A year may be divided in to two, three or more seasons. Business activities are found to have brisk & slack periods at different part of the year. Example: Increase of prices of shoes near Eid, decrease of sale of ice-cream in winter season. iii.Cyclical variations: Cyclical fluctuations is an...