Geographicalnotes

The methods of regionalization could be along the following lines. 1.       It could consider homogeneity, i.e., one set or a combination of physical & socio-economic attributes. 2.       It could be on the basis of nodality or polarization, i.e., forming a region around a core urban place. 3.       It could be on the basis of a programming or policy-oriented region, i.e., one based on administrative coherence or resemblance between the area being studied & the political institutions for effectuating policy decisions. (J.R. Meyer) Regionalisation of Formal Region : In identifying formal regions , we consider homogeneity or uniformity on the basis of certain criteria. For example, the economic criterion considers the per capita income level of a formal region. If more than one feature is taken into consideration, the following methods are employed: 1.The Fixed Index Method: Under the fixe...

Mainly region are 3 types, these are-  1.Formal Region : The formal region is a geographical area, homogenous on the basis of selected geographical characteristics, viz.., topography, climate, natural vegetation etc., as in the case of natural regions. Example:  Physical region – Kashmir valley; Climate region – Desert region. Fig: Formal Region 2.Functional region : Functional regions are recognized by organization, internal flows (of people, goods, services, communication) & the presence of a node or a focus. Example:  City region – Kolkata, Mumbai etc.; Industrial region – Haldia, Durgapur; Administrative region – Delhi. Fig: Functional Region 3.Plnning region : A planning region is segment of territory over which economic decisions are applied. The planning regions may be administrative or political regions such as state, district etc. So, planning regions coincide with administrative regions. Example:  Physical pla...

Concept of Region: Region is a perceived segment of space which is different from others on the basis of one or more defining features. The defining characteristic may be natural (taiga forest region), or may be cultural (Hindi speaking belt) or economic (industrial conurbations).                                        A region includes several contiguous homogenous territories, although occasionally non-contiguous spatial units are also put under one region, e.g., India is a political region with Lakshadweep & Andaman & Nicobar Islands as the non-contiguous units; the Hawaii Island & Alaska in the USA are examples of non-contiguous regions. Characteristics of Region: 1.       Each region has a specific feature. 2.       Each...

Several indicators measure the economic factors that contribute to a society's level of development. These measure include- 1.       Gross Domestic Production (GDP) 2.       Gross Value Addition (GVA) 3.       Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) 4.       Gross National Product (GNP) 5.       Index of Industrial Production (IIP) 6.       Wholesale Price Index (WPI) 7.       Producer Price Index (PPI) 8.       Consumer Price Index (CPI) 1.Gross Domestic Production (GDP): GDP is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods & services produced in a economic year in a country.                      GDP = Consumption + Government Expenditure + Investment + (...

Subjects Efficiency Equity 1.       Definition Efficiency means that society is getting the most it can from its scarce resources. Equity means that the resources are distributed fairly among the individuals. 2.       Treat People treated fairly but efficiently. People treated fairly but differently. 3.       Propound This concept propounded by Sikago School of Economic Economists. This concept propounded by John Rawls, Amartya Sen. 4.       Occurs It is occurs when a society obtains the largest possible amount of output from its limited resources. It is occurs when a society distributes its economic resources fairly among its people. 5.       Example  Providing tutorial classes to the all students. Providing remedial classes to the weak students.

Development is a dynamic concept. The concept of development is almost as old as civilization. It is extreme use in western societies from Greco-Roman civilization to the late 19 th  century as a generic construct that designates the most varied aspects related to humanity’s well-being. Below follow various perspective on development & the changes made over time  –  (i).Economic Growth Perspective (Before 1960s): Perspective & its approach & focus on economic growth. Adam Smith (Wealth of Nation) propounded the first systematic theory of economic growth. According to him, invention of better machines is responsible for increase in productivity & material welfare.      The indicators, which have been identified to measure the level of economic development include –  Per-capita income Gross National Product (GNP) Number of Functioning Industrial Units. (ii).Sustainable Development Perspective (1970s): Pers...