Geographicalnotes

RESEARCH RESEARCH DESIGN,  CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH THE PROCESS OF RESEARCH / RESEARCH DESIGN The process of research is systematic and follows a definite sequence. As mentioned by Isaac and Michael (1971), the following are the steps involved in a research— Step 1. Determining the problem In an ex-post facto research, it is necessary for the researcher to focus on the problem that he or she needs to study. They not only need to find out a problem, they also need to determine, analyse and define the problem which they will be dealing with. Step 2. Literature Review Before trying to predict the causal relationships, the researcher needs to study all the related or similar literature and relevant studies, which may help in further analysis, prediction and conclusion of the causal relationship between the variables under study. Step 3. Formulation of hypothesis The third step of the ex-post facto research is to propose the possible solutions or alternativ...

The different techniques of writing scientific report are- (I).References: Definition: Reference is a list of the sources that a writer referred in the research work. Characteristics: A reference can be used to support an argument. References are arranged alphabetically & numerically. References are those that are directly include in your actual text. References are those that have been referenced in your article or book. (II).Bibliography: Definition: Bibliography is a list of the materials that a writer used during research work. Characteristics: A bibliography may be comprehensive or selective. Long bibliographies may be published serially or in book form. A bibliography includes both in text citations & other sources, that are used to generated the idea. Also known as a list of works cited, a bibliography may appear at the end of a book or research paper. (III).Abstract: Definition: Abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesi...

Definition: Hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relationship between two or more variables. Characteristics:        i.           It is a tentative proposition.       ii.           Its validity is unknown.     iii.           A hypothesis should be capable of verification.     iv.           A hypothesis should be clear, specific, & conceptually clear. ‹ Role of Hypothesis in Research Method:        i.           A hypothesis should always explain what you expect to happen.       ii.           A hypothesis tells you what data to collect & what not to c...

Definition: Research objectives is the descriptions or goals of what is to be achieved by the study. Characteristics: It should be logical sequence. It should be clear & unambiguous. It should be outline the scope of research. It should give the clear picture of how to perform investigation. Importance/Needs of Research Objectives: The research objectives will help to focus the study. It facilitates in development of methodology. It guides the information to be collected. It helps to identify & describes the variable of study. The research objectives enlighten the way in which researcher has to proceed. It help to orient the collection, analysis, interpretation & utilization of data. The research objectives will help to identifying the relationship & differences of variable. They are closely related to the statement of problem. The objectives of research summarize what to be achieved by the study. Types of Research Objectives: General Object...

Research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection & analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.                 Research design is the management strategy for conducting a survey. In conducting & analyzing data, research design happen to be in respect of-                                                                                i.           What is the study about?   ...

[]  Definition: Literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic. []  Characteristics:        i.           Literature review is an integral part of the research process & makes a valuable contribution to almost every operational step.       ii.           Literature review can be time consuming, daunting & frustrating, but it is also rewarding. []  Functions of Literature Review:        i.           It provides a theoretical background to your study.       ii.           It helps you establish the links between what you are proposing & what has already been studied.     iii.       ...