Skip to main content

RESEARCH DESIGN & CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH

RESEARCH
  1. RESEARCH DESIGN, 
  2. CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH

THE PROCESS OF RESEARCH / RESEARCH DESIGN

The process of research is systematic and follows a definite sequence. As mentioned by Isaac and Michael (1971), the following are the steps involved in a research—

Step 1. Determining the problem

In an ex-post facto research, it is necessary for the researcher to focus on the problem that he or she needs to study. They not only need to find out a problem, they also need to determine, analyse and define the problem which they will be dealing with.

Step 2. Literature Review

Before trying to predict the causal relationships, the researcher needs to study all the related or similar literature and relevant studies, which may help in further analysis, prediction and conclusion of the causal relationship between the variables under study.

Step 3. Formulation of hypothesis

The third step of the ex-post facto research is to propose the possible solutions or alternatives that might have led to the effect. They need to list out the assumptions which will be the basis of the hypothesis and procedure of the research.

Step 4. Designing the approach (Sampling techniques, Data Collection, Data Analysis, Results & Discussion)

Once the problem has been defined and the hypothesis has been postulated, the researcher needs to select the sample which fits the criteria of the study. They also need to select the scale or construct instrument for collecting the required information / data. Once the designing are all finalised, the researcher analyses the relationship between the variables.

Step 5. Validation

The researcher needs to validate the significance of their research. They need to be cautious regarding the extent to which their findings would be valid and significant and helpful in interpreting and drawing inferences from the obtained results.

Step 6. Interpretation of the conclusion

Finally, the researcher needs to analyse, evaluate and interpret the information collected. It is on basis of this step only, the researcher selects the best possible alternative of causes which might have led the effect to occur.

RESEARCH


CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH

The criteria for good research are as follows:
  1. 1)  Purpose of research should be clearly defined and common concepts that are used should be operationally defined.
  2. 2)  The research procedure should be precisely planned, focused and appropriately described in order to enable other researcher to do research for further advancement.
  3. 3)  Research design should be carefully planned to generate results to maintained objectivity.
  4. 4)  The research report should be as much as possible frank enough to gauge effects of the
    findings.
  5. 5)  Data analysis in the research report should be adequate to reveal its significance and the
    method of analysis employed be appropriate.
  6. 6)  Validity and reliability of the applied techniques or models should be examined carefully.
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Behaviouralism in geography

Behaviouralism Behaviouralism is an approach in human geography that came to prominence in the human geography of the 1960s and 1970s. It goes out of the idea that people are the determining factor in the explanation of space. Behaviouralism tries to give an explanation of the spatiallity of human activities. And thereby they use a complex universally applicable model.  Definition of Behaviouralism: The particular aspect with which geographical content is analyzed using mathematical statistics & human sensitivity, is called behavioralism. Concept of Behaviouralism: The Behaviouralism revolution is a theoretical concept. Its theories are not based on assumptions, but are actually explored through ascending methods based on the experience of human behavior. An analysis of the significance of geographical issues in behavioral perspectives within a system, so therefore is no definite boundary to behavioral geography. The main purpose of behaviouralism geography is to invest
Post a Comment
Read more

Responses to hazard

Responses to hazard:  Preparedness,  Trauma and aftermath,  Resilience and capacity development Responses to hazard A hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target. Hazards can be both natural or human induced. According to Alexander (2000, p. 7), “a  hazard is an extreme geophysical event that is capable of  causing a disaster.” The word “extreme” is used here to signify a substantial departure  (either in the positive or the negative direction) from a mean or a trend. Although Alexander did not specify the distinction between these two terms in his definition, it does suggest that hazards may transform into disasters and thus become sequential events. That is, every disaster starts with a hazard (Thywissen, 2006). Hazards are harmful to people, but it fails  to recognize people’s role in causing or  amplifying the impacts associated with hazards. For example, floods can originate either from a natural variability in meteorolo
Post a Comment
Read more

Cyclone: Factors, vulnerability, consequences and management

A cyclone is a vast, violent whirl in the atmosphere which moves from the high seas towards the coastal areas. A cyclone will often bring with it heavy rains that can cause flooding. In order for a cyclone to form, the ocean waters need to be warm, at least 26°C. Above the warm ocean, water evaporates and forms clouds. If there is low air pressure where the clouds are formed, it pulls them in and they begin to rotate. It is the earth rotating and spinning on its axis that causes  the cyclone’s clouds to rotate. Cyclones are caused by atmospheric disturbances around a low -pressure area distinguished by swift and often destructive air circulation. Cyclones are usually accompanied by violent storms and bad weather. The air circulates inward in an anticlockwise direction in the Northern hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern hemisphere. Cyclones are classified as: (i) extra tropical cyclones (also called temperate cyclones); and (ii) tropical cyclones. Fig: Major Disaster in Indi
Post a Comment
Read more