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Types of Coral Reef

According to origin, coral reef are classified mainly three types-
                                                                                                                           I.         Fringing Reef.
                                                                                                                         II.         Barrier Reef.
                                                                                                                       III.         Atoll Reef.
I.Fringing Reef:
Fringing reef is a coral platforms attached to a continental coast or an island.
Characteristics:
  1. Fringing reef runs as a narrow belt, 0.5 km to 2.5 km wide.
  2. Sometimes separated by a narrow, shallow lagoon or channel.
  3. The surface of a fringing reef is rough.
  4. They developed through upward growth.
Example:
Gulf of Mannar (India), Southern Florida(USA).

II.Barrier Reef:
Barrier reef is a coral platforms separated from the the adjacent land mass by a wide deep channel.
Characteristics:
  1. Barrier reefs are the largest & the most extensive of all the reefs.
  2. It extends as a broken.
  3. The average slope of barrier reef is 45°.
  4. Lagoon or Lake is formed in the middle zone of mainland & barrier reef.
Example:
Great Barrier Reef(Australia).
III.Atoll:
Atoll is a ringing reef, which partly or completely encloses a lagoon.
Characteristics:
  1. Atolls are located at great distances from deep sea platforms, where the submarine features may help in formation of atolls, such as- a submerged island or a volcanic.
  2. An atoll surrounds a body of water called a lagoon.
  3. A ring shaped coral reef.
  4. The shallow lake of the middle of atoll is 80-140 m in depth.
Example:
Fiji Atoll, Funafuti Atoll.
Fig: Fringing reef, Barrier reef and Atoll

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