Skip to main content

Classification of Water Mass

The classification of water mass as follows-
A.)According to Depth of Water Mass:

i.)Surface Water Mass:
a)     Surface water mass is extended from water surface to 200 meters of the oceans.
b)    In the tropical region, such water mass is warm nature.
c)     In the polar region, such water mass is relatively warm nature than deep ocean.
d)    The salinity of surface water mass is less.
ii.)Central Water Mass:
a)     Central water mass is extended from 200 meters to 1000 meters of the oceans.
b)    Central water mass is extended to the bottom of the main thermocline (which varies with latitudes).
c)     The temperature of the central water mass is relatively high than deep oceans.
d)    The salinity of the central water mass is less.
iii.)Intermediate Water Mass:
a)     Intermediate water mass is extended from 1000 meters to 3000 meters of the oceans.
b)    The boundary between central water & intermediate water is the most abrupt & pronounced.
c)     Intermediate water mass are intermediate in density.
d)    The salinity of this water mass slowly rises as increasing depths.
iv.)Deep Water Mass:
a)     Deep water mass is extended from 3000 meters to 4000 meters of the oceans.
b)    The salinity is high of this water mass.
c)     The temperature is less of this water mass.
d)    The density of this water mass is high.
v.)Bottom Water Mass:
a)     Bottom water mass is extended from 4000 meters to the bottom of the oceans.
b)    This amount of salinity is high.
c)     This percentage of temperature is less.
d)    The density of this water mass is very high.
Water Mass
Temperature (°C)
Salinity (‰)
Central Water Masses:
SPCW = South Pacific Central Water Mass.
9-20
34.3-36.2
NPCW = North Pacific Central Water Mass.
7-20
34.1-34.8
NACW = North Atlantic Central Water Mass.
4-20
35.0-36.8
SACW = South Atlantic Central Water Mass.
5-18
34.3-35.9
SICW = South Indian Central Water Mass
6-16
34.5-35.6
Intermediate Water Masses:
NPIW = North Pacific Intermediate Water Mass.
4-10
34.0-34.5
RSIW = Red Sea Intermediate Water Mass.
23
40
MIW = Mediterranean Intermediate Water Mass.
6-11.9
35.3-36.5
AIW = Antarctic Intermediate Water Mass.
0-2
34.9
AAIW = Antarctic Intermediate Water Mass.
2.2-5
33.8-34.6
Deep & Bottom Water  Masses:
CoW = Common Water Mass.
0.6-1.3
34.7
PSW = Pacific Sub-Arctic Water Mass.
5-9
33.5-33.8
NADW = North Atlantic Deep Water Mass.
3-4
34.9-35.0
AADW = Antarctica Deep Water Mass. 
4.0
35
AABW = Antarctic Bottom Water Mass.
-0.4
36.6
NABW = North Atlantic Bottom Water Mass.
2.5-3.1
34.9
Source: M.U. Sverdrup, M.W. Johnson, & R.M. Fleming, 1942, A. Defant, 1961, & O.R. Marmaev, 1975.

B.)According to Nature of Water Mass:
i.)Warm Water Mass:
a)     Warm water mass is extended from ocean surface to 1000 meters of the oceans.
b)    The temperature of this water mass is high.
c)     The salinity of this water mass is less.
d)    The density of this water mass is less.
ii.)Cold Water Mass:
a)     Cold water mass is extended from 3000 meters to the bottom of the oceans.
b)    The temperature of this water mass is very low.
c)     The salinity of this water mass is very high.
d)    The density of this water mass is very high.
Antarctic water mass

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Behaviouralism in geography

Behaviouralism Behaviouralism is an approach in human geography that came to prominence in the human geography of the 1960s and 1970s. It goes out of the idea that people are the determining factor in the explanation of space. Behaviouralism tries to give an explanation of the spatiallity of human activities. And thereby they use a complex universally applicable model.  Definition of Behaviouralism: The particular aspect with which geographical content is analyzed using mathematical statistics & human sensitivity, is called behavioralism. Concept of Behaviouralism: The Behaviouralism revolution is a theoretical concept. Its theories are not based on assumptions, but are actually explored through ascending methods based on the experience of human behavior. An analysis of the significance of geographical issues in behavioral perspectives within a system, so therefore is no definite boundary to behavioral geography. The main purpose of behaviouralism geography is to in...
Post a Comment
Read more

Positive and Negative Impact of Tide

Tide has many effects on human life. The impact of tide discuss below- Positive Impact of Tide: Shipping:  Tides are helpful in making rivers navigable for large vessels. During the high tide, the amount of river water & height of river water increases. At that time, large vessels/ships can easily come to rive port. Again, during the low tide, ships can be returned from port to sea.  For example - London & Kolkata have become important ports because of the tidal waves in the Thames & the Hooghly rivers respectively. Pollution-free Environment:  When tidal water flows, rivers are free of garbage. As a result, the environment is not pollutant near the river areas. Obstruction of Sediments deposited & Delta Formation:  As a result of the tide, sediments not to deposited & prevents delta formation.  For example-  In the Sundarbans, small creeks are capable of navigating during tides.  Regular Water flow:  During th...
Post a Comment
Read more

Concentric zone theory

Theories of City Structure-Concentric Zone Theory Introduction: The Concentric or Zonal Theory of urban landuse was first proposed in 1923 by E.W. Burgess. He was a sociologist. The idea behind the concentric model is that the development of a city takes place outwards from its central area in a series of concentric circles to form zones.  Assumption:        i.           Cultural & social heterogeneity of the population.       ii.           Commercial-industrial base to the economy of the city.     iii.           Private ownership of property & economic competition for space.     iv.           Expanding area & population of the city.       v.    ...
Post a Comment
Read more