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Distinguish between Raster and Vector data



Subject
Raster Data
Vector Data
      i.         Based
Pixel based data.
Point based data.
     ii.         Data structure
Simple data structure.
Complex data structure.
   iii.         Over laying
Easy and efficient over laying.
Difficult over laying.
   iv.         Representation
High spatial variability is efficiently represented.
High spatial variability is inefficient represented.
     v.         Sensing imagery
Compatible with remote sensing imagery.
Non-compatible with remote sensing imagery.
   vi.         Continuous data
Efficient to represent continuous data.
Not appropriate to represent continuous data.
  vii.         Size
Larger file size.
Smaller file size.
viii.         Identify
All objects re series of pixel, no identity for discrete objects other than pixel.
Individual identity for discrete objects like line, polygon etc.
   ix.         Relationship
Difficult to built topography relationship.
Easy to build up topographical relationship.
     x.         Projection
Inefficient projection transformation.
Efficient projection transformation.
   xi.         Edit
Difficult to edit.
Easy to edit.

Conclusion 
Raster data and vector data are two types of spatial data in GIS. The main difference between Raster and Vector Data is that the raster data represents data as a cell or a grid matrix while vector data represents data using sequential points or vertices.
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